教程二 · 第 7 章：Godot ↔ C# 对照速查表#

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public override void _Ready();
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public override void _EnterTree();
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public override void _ExitTree();
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public override void _Process(double delta);
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public override void _PhysicsProcess(double delta);
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public override void _UnhandledInput(InputEvent @event);
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public override void _Input(InputEvent @event);
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public override void _Draw();
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public override void _ExitTree();

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// CharacterBody2D/3D 标准循环
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Velocity = Velocity with { Y = Velocity.Y + Gravity * dt }; // 重力自己加
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Velocity = Velocity with { X = dir * MoveSpeed };
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MoveAndSlide();
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bool grounded = IsOnFloor();
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// 手动碰撞信息
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var collisions = MoveAndSlideCollide();
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foreach (var c in collisions)
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    Node collider = c.GetCollider();
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// 刚体（RigidBody2D）：施力而不是设位置
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body.ApplyCentralImpulse(force);
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body.LinearVelocity = v;
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// Area2D 信号
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BodyEntered += (Node2D body) => { };   // 物理体进入
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AreaEntered += (Area2D area) => { };   // 另一个区域进入
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// 射线/形状查询（PhysicsDirectSpaceState2D）
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var space = GetWorld2D().DirectSpaceState;
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var query = PhysicsRayQueryParameters2D.Create(GlobalPosition, target);
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var result = space.IntersectRay(query); // Godot.Collections.Dictionary
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if (result.Count > 0 && result["collider"].As<Node>() is Enemy e) { }

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float x = Input.GetAxis("move_left", "move_right");        // -1/0/1
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Vector2 dir = Input.GetVector("left","right","up","down"); // 四方向归一化
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bool held = Input.IsActionPressed("jump");                 // 按住
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bool justPressed = Input.IsActionJustPressed("jump");      // 按下瞬间
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bool justReleased = Input.IsActionJustReleased("jump");
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bool key = Input.IsKeyPressed(Key.Shift);
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Input.GetVector("ui_left","ui_right","ui_up","ui_down");   // 内置方向动作
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// 事件细节（_UnhandledInput 里）
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if (@event is InputEventMouseButton mb && mb.Pressed && mb.ButtonIndex == MouseButton.Left) { }
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if (@event is InputEventKey k && k.Pressed && k.Key == Key.Escape) { }

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// 无参
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[Signal] public delegate void DiedEventHandler();
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EmitSignal(SignalName.Died);
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who.Died += OnDied;
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// 带参（参数类型必须是 Godot 可封送的：int/float/string/StringName/Node/Vector2...）
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[Signal] public delegate void HealthChangedEventHandler(int current, int max);
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EmitSignal(SignalName.HealthChanged, _hp, 100);
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who.HealthChanged += (cur, max) => HpBar.Value = cur;
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// 编辑器连接生成的回调命名惯例
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private void OnButtonPressed() { }
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private void OnAreaBodyEntered(Node2D body) { }
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// 代码版底层 API（需要动态名/一次性连接时）
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area.Connect("body_entered", Callable.From<Node2D>(OnBody));
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area.Disconnect("body_entered", Callable.From<Node2D>(OnBody));

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// 找节点
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GetNode<T>("路径");                 // 相对路径
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GetNode<T>("%UniqueName");          // 唯一名
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GetParent<T>();                     // 父
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GetTree().CurrentScene;             // 当前主场景根
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GetTree().GetFirstNodeInGroup("g"); // 组
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GetTree().GetNodesInGroup("g");     // 组全部
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// 生成与销毁（实例化三步：实例化 → 注入 → 入树）
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var item = scene.Instantiate<Bullet>();
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item.Setup(dir, speed);
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GetTree().CurrentScene.AddChild(item);
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item.QueueFree();            // 帧末安全销毁；立刻释放用 Free()（极少用）
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item.RemoveChild(item);      // 摘树但不销毁（对象池用）
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// 显隐与处理开关
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Visible = false;
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SetPhysicsProcess(false);    // 停物理回调
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SetProcess(false);
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ProcessMode = ProcessModeEnum.Always; // 暂停时仍运行（暂停菜单）
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// 节点间等待
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await ToSignal(node, Node.SignalName.Ready);
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await ToSignal(GetTree(), SceneTree.SignalName.ProcessFrame);

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Vector2 a = new(1, 2), b = new(3, 4);
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a + b; a - b; a * 2f;
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a.Length(); a.DistanceTo(b); a.DistanceSquaredTo(b); // 比较距离用平方，省开方
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a.Normalized(); a.Angle(); a.Rotated(ang); a.Dot(b); a.Cross(b);
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a.Lerp(b, 0.5f);
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a.Reflect(normal); a.Bounce(normal);
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Mathf.Clamp(v, min, max);
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Mathf.Lerp(a, b, t); Mathf.MoveToward(a, target, maxDelta);
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Mathf.Sin/Cos/Tan/Atan2; Mathf.Pi; Mathf.DegToRad/RadToDeg;
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Mathf.Sign(v); Mathf.Abs(v); Mathf.Floor/Ceil/Round;
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Mathf.InverseLerp(a, b, v); Mathf.Remap(v, inA, inB, outA, outB);
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float t = Mathf.Clamp((float)delta * speed, 0, 1); // 帧率无关 lerp 系数
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GD.Randf(); GD.RandRange(-1f, 1f); GD.Randi() % 100;
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GD.RandRange(1, 6); // int 重载含两端
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// 实例随机（推荐，可设种子做确定性回放）
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var rng = new RandomNumberGenerator(); rng.Randomize();
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rng.RandfRange(0, 10); rng.RandiRange(1, 6);

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Label.Text = $"{hp}";
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ProgressBar.Value = hp;
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Button.Pressed += OnClick;
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Control.Visible / Show() / Hide();
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button.GrabFocus();
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lineEdit.Text; lineEdit.TextChanged += s => { };
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// Tween
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var tw = CreateTween();
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tw.TweenProperty(node, "position", targetPos, 0.3f)
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  .SetTrans(Tween.TransitionType.Quad).SetEase(Tween.EaseType.Out);
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tw.SetParallel(true);
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await tw.ToSignal(Tween.SignalName.Finished);
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CreateTween().TweenProperty(node, "modulate:a", 0f, 0.2f);
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// 音频
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AudioStreamPlayer.Play();
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AudioServer.SetBusVolumeDb(AudioServer.GetBusIndex("Master"), v);
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AudioServer.GetBusVolumeDb(...);
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// 场景树/时间
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GetTree().Paused = true;
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GetTree().CreateTimer(seconds, processAlways: true, processInPhysics: false, ignoreTimeScale: true);
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GetTree().Quit();
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Time.GetTicksMsec();          // 启动以来毫秒
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Engine.TimeScale = 0.5f;      // 全局慢动作
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// 文件
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FileAccess.FileExists("user://save.tres");
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using var f = FileAccess.Open("user://a.txt", FileAccess.ModeFlags.Write);
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f.StoreString(text);
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ResourceSaver.Save(resource, "user://x.tres");
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ResourceLoader.Exists(path); ResourceLoader.Load<T>(path);
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ProjectSettings.GlobalizePath("user://"); // 看 user:// 的真实磁盘位置

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类型    int float double bool string char long
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        Vector2 Vector3 Color StringName（Godot）
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var     类型推断；const 常量；enum 枚举；record 数据对象
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空值    null, ?. , ?? , ??=, null!, IsInstanceValid, <Nullable> enable
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流程    if else switch(表达式/pattern) for foreach while break continue return
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方法    参数/out/ref/默认值/命名参数/重载/static/override/virtual/abstract/=> 表达式体
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类      class partial new this base sealed
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面向对象 :继承, interface, virtual/override/abstract, protected, is/as/(T), where T:
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成员    字段/属性 {get;set;}/[Export]/[Signal]/event/Action/Func
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集合    List<Dictionionary> HashSet Queue Stack; 数组 T[]; Godot.Collections.*
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工具    using/namespace, try-catch-finally, throw, nameof
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异步    async/await, Task, ToSignal, async void 仅限生命周期
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LINQ    Where Select OrderBy GroupBy Any FirstOrDefault Sum ToList